Stethoscope cover dispensing system

ABSTRACT

A dispenser includes side walls, a back wall and front walls. The housing includes an engaging wall. The walls define a cavity. The dispenser includes a wedge extending from the engaging wall, a first opening and a second opening. A roll is positioned within the cavity. A first end of a strip is wound about the roll. Covers are coupled to the strip. The covers each include first and second sides. The first sides directly engage the strip. A roller extends through the side walls. A portion of the strip extends through the first opening and over the wedge. A second end of the strip extends through the second opening and is wound about the roller. Systems, kits and methods of use are disclosed.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure generally relates to medical devices, and moreparticularly to instrument covers and a dispensing system that storesand dispenses the instrument covers for application with various medicaldevices such as, for example, stethoscopes. Methods of use and kits arealso disclosed.

BACKGROUND

A stethoscope is an acoustic medical device typically used by aphysician or medical care provider to monitor sounds in a patient'sorgans and/or pathways (respiratory, cardiac, arterial, etc.).Stethoscopes typically include a chest piece for placement against thepatient for sensing relatively high frequency sound, an air-filledhollow tube to transmit the sound from the chest piece, and ear tubes toreceive the sound from the air-filled hollow tube and transmit the soundvia ear tips to the physician or medical care provider. The chest pieceis generally known to include a head and a diaphragm, which is the partof the chest piece placed against the patient. When the diaphragm isplaced on the patient, bodily sounds vibrate the diaphragm creatingacoustic pressure sound waves which travel up the air-filled hollow tubeand ear tubes to the physician or medical care provider's ears. Thephysician or medical care provider may then be better able to diagnose acondition or whether the patient's organs or pathways are functioningnormally.

In use, the head and diaphragm of a stethoscope can easily becontaminated with bacteria and other contaminants as stethoscopes aretypically used on several different patients every hour, the patientsbeing affected by different contaminants. Physicians or medical careproviders in a hospital setting see about 20-30 patients an hourincluding neonatal and pediatric patients, surgery patients, cancer andinfectious disease patients and often examine these patients using thesame stethoscope. Medical providers typically employ a stethoscope onmost of the patients they see in a hospital setting and anywhere between6-12 patients per hour in an office setting. Transmission of bacterialinfections among patients, particularly in a hospital setting, is ofgreat concern especially in view of the development ofantibiotic-resistant strains of staphylococcal infections and otherresistant strains of bacteria, viruses, and fungal infections. Examplesof resistant strains of bacteria include but are limited to, vancomycinresistant enterococcus and clostridium dificile; viruses such ashepatitis B and C; and fungal infections such as aspergillosis candida.

Conventional stethoscope covers include a thin sheet of plastic havingan adhesive backing which can be applied over the diaphragm of astethoscope before use on each new patient. After use, the cover istypically removed and discarded. These covers can function adequately;however, problems arise with the use of such covers. Such problemsinclude the cover falling off the stethoscope during application, thecover not fitting with an air-tight seal on the diaphragm duringapplication, poor acoustic transmission and the transmission ofmicroorganisms, fluids or other contaminants to the head of thestethoscope and in some cases, the diaphragm of the stethoscope.Additionally, dispensers for such covers are often cumbersome and/ormake it difficult to dispense the covers. This disclosure describes animprovement over these prior art technologies.

SUMMARY

In one embodiment, in accordance with the present disclosure, adispenser is provided that includes a housing comprising opposite firstand second side walls. The housing comprises a back wall and spacedapart first and second front walls. The back wall and the front wallseach extend from the first side wall to the second side wall. Thehousing comprises an engaging wall extending from the first front wallto the second front wall. Inner surfaces of the walls define a cavity.The housing comprises a wedge extending from the engaging wall. A spacebetween the wedge and the engaging wall defines a first opening. A spacebetween the engaging wall and the front wall defines a second opening.The openings are in communication with the cavity. A roll is positionedwithin the cavity. A first end of a strip is wound about the roll. Aplurality of spaced apart covers are coupled to the strip. The coverseach comprise a first side and an opposite second side. The first sidesdirectly engage the strip. A roller extends through the side walls. Anintermediate portion of the strip extends through the first opening andover an outer surface of the wedge. A second end of the strip extendsthrough the second opening such that a portion of the second end iswound about the roller.

In some embodiments, the covers are instrument covers configured tocover a portion of an instrument, such as, for example, a diaphragm of astethoscope. In some embodiments, the instrument covers are separatedfrom one another by a series of perforations. In some embodiments, theinstrument covers are spaced apart from one another on the strip. Insome embodiments, the instrument covers are acoustically transmissiveand substantially impermeable to microorganisms and fluids. In someembodiments, the instrument covers each comprise a first surface and anopposite second surface having non-stick properties that prevent thesecond surface from permanently adhering to a strip. In someembodiments, the second surface prevents the instrument covers frompermanently adhering to the strip such that the instrument covers can beeasily removed from the strip. In some embodiments, static cling fromthe second surface and/or the strip removably couples the instrumentcovers to the strip. In some embodiments, the first surface comprises amaterial having adhesion properties. In some embodiments, the firstsurface is configured to be removably attached to the head of astethoscope such that the instrument cover will not fall off thestethoscope during use by a physician or medical provider. In someembodiments, the first surface is made of a material having adhesionproperties. In some embodiments, the first surface is coated with amaterial having adhesion properties. In some embodiments, the strip isprovided in a roll such that the second surfaces of the instrumentcovers contact one another to maintain the strip and the instrumentcovers in a roll.

In some embodiments, each of the instrument covers is sized andconfigured to removably cover the diaphragm and the head of astethoscope simultaneously by form-fitting a respective first surfacewith outer surfaces of the diaphragm and the head. In some embodiments,the instrument covers are made from one or more of polyvinyl chloride,polyvinylidene chloride, low density polyethylene, linear low densitypolyethylene, polyisobutene, poly[ethylene-vinylacetate] copolymer andlightweight aluminum foil. In some embodiments, the instrument coversare made from one or more of a cellophane, vinyl, acetate, polyethyleneacrylic, butyl rubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate, natural rubber, anitrile, silicone rubber, a styrene block copolymer, a vinyl ether and atackifier. In some embodiments, the instrument covers each include anantimicrobial substance that can neutralize or destroy microbes. In someembodiments, the material(s) that form(s) the instrument coverscomprises the antimicrobial substance. That is, the antimicrobialsubstance is distributed throughout a thickness of each of theinstrument covers and/or on the first and/or second surfaces of theinstrument covers. In some embodiments, at least one of the first andsecond surfaces is coated with the antimicrobial substance.

In some embodiments, the housing comprises an antimicrobial material. Insome embodiments, the housing is configured for mounting on a verticalsurface, such as, for example, a wall or a horizontal surface, such as,for example, a table. In some embodiments, an antimicrobial ultravioletlight source is positioned within the cavity of the housing. In someembodiments, the housing is disposable and may be made from materials,such as, for example, cardboard. In some embodiments, the housing isreusable and may be made from materials, such as, for example, plastic.

In one embodiment, in accordance with the principles of the presentdisclosure, a method for dispensing instrument covers is provided. Themethod comprises rotating the roller relative to the housing to move thecovers from a first orientation in which the second side of a respectiveone of the covers faces and is spaced apart from an outer surface of theengaging wall to a second orientation in which the second side of therespective one of the covers is spaced apart from the strip and directlyengages the outer surface of the engaging wall. In some embodiments, themethod further comprises contacting the respective one of the coversthat is spaced apart from the strip with a portion of a stethoscope,such as, for example, a head of a stethoscope, and positioning theinstrument cover that is spaced apart from the strip about the head. Insome embodiments, positioning the instrument cover comprises crimpingthe instrument cover about the head and/or at least a portion of ahollow tube of the stethoscope that is coupled to the head of thestethoscope. In some embodiments, the method includes rotating theroller relative to the housing to move the strip such that the secondside of a respective second one of the covers is spaced apart from thestrip and directly engages the outer surface of the engaging wall.

In one embodiment, in accordance with the principles of the presentdisclosure, a kit is provided. The kit comprises the dispenser and atleast one stethoscope. In some embodiments, the kit further comprises atleast one box of gloves.

In one embodiment, in accordance with the principles of the presentdisclosure, a dispenser includes a housing comprising opposite first andsecond side walls. The housing comprises a back wall and spaced apartfirst and second front walls. The back wall and the front walls eachextend from the first side wall to the second side wall. The housingcomprises an engaging wall extending from the first front wall to thesecond front wall. Inner surfaces of the walls define a cavity. Thehousing comprises a wedge extending from the engaging wall. A spacebetween the wedge and the engaging wall defines a first opening. A spacebetween the engaging wall and the front wall defines a second opening.The openings are in communication with the cavity. A roll is positionedwithin the cavity. A first end of a strip is wound about the roll. Aplurality of spaced apart covers are coupled to the strip. The stripcomprises a backing paper including a first side and a second side. Thefirst side of the backing paper is coated with a polyolefin. The coversare made from a polyimide. The covers each comprise a first side and anopposite second side. An acrylates copolymer is positioned between thefirst sides of the covers and the polyolefin coating to couple thecovers to the strip. A roller extends through the side walls. Anintermediate portion of the strip extends through the first opening andover an outer surface of the wedge. A second end of the strip extendsthrough the second opening such that a portion of the second end iswound about the roller. The roller is rotatable relative to the housingto move the covers from a first orientation in which the second side ofa respective one of the covers faces and is spaced apart from an outersurface of the engaging wall to a second orientation in which the secondside of the respective one of the covers is spaced apart from the stripand directly engages the outer surface of the engaging wall.

In one embodiment, in accordance with the principles of the presentdisclosure, a dispenser includes a housing comprising opposite first andsecond side walls. The housing comprises a back wall and spaced apartfirst and second front walls. The back wall and the front walls eachextend from the first side wall to the second side wall. The housingcomprises an engaging wall extending from the first front wall to thesecond front wall. Inner surfaces of the walls define a cavity. Thehousing comprises a wedge extending from the engaging wall. A spacebetween the wedge and the engaging wall defines a first opening. A spacebetween the engaging wall and the front wall defines a second opening.The openings are in communication with the cavity. A roll is positionedwithin the cavity. A first end of a strip is wound about the roll. Aplurality of spaced apart covers are coupled to the strip. The stripcomprises a backing paper including a first side and a second side. Thefirst side of the backing paper is coated with a polyolefin. The coversare made from a polyimide. The covers each comprising a first side andan opposite second side. An acrylates copolymer being positioned betweenthe first sides of the covers and the polyolefin coating to couple thecovers to the strip. A roller extends through the side walls. Anintermediate portion of the strip extends through the first opening andover an outer surface of the wedge. A second end of the strip extendsthrough the second opening such that a portion of the second end iswound about the roller. An actuator is configured to rotate the rollerrelative to the housing. A sensor is in communication with the actuator.The sensor is configured to send a signal to the actuator in response toan audio command or a visual command detected by the sensor. Theactuator is configured to rotate the roller relative to the housing uponreceiving the signal from the sensor. The roller is rotatable relativeto the housing to move the covers from a first orientation in which thesecond side of a respective one of the covers faces and is spaced apartfrom an outer surface of the engaging wall to a second orientation inwhich the second side of the respective one of the covers is spacedapart from the strip and directly engages the outer surface of theengaging wall.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure will become more readily apparent from thespecific description accompanied by the following drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective, front view of one embodiment of a dispensingsystem in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a perspective, side view of the dispensing system shown inFIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective, side view of the dispensing system shown inFIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a perspective, rear view of the dispensing system shown inFIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a perspective, top view of the dispensing system shown in FIG.1, with parts separated;

FIG. 6 is a perspective, top view of the dispensing system shown in FIG.1, with parts separated;

FIG. 6A is a breakaway, perspective of one embodiment of the dispensingsystem shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with the principles of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 6B is a perspective, top view, in part phantom, of one embodimentof the dispensing system shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with theprinciples of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6C is a perspective view of a component of the dispensing systemshown in FIG. 6B;

FIG. 7 is a perspective, front view of the dispensing system shown inFIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a side, cross-sectional view of the dispensing system shown inFIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a perspective, front view of the dispensing system shown inFIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is a side, cross-sectional view of the dispensing system shownin FIG. 1;

FIG. 11 is a side, cross-sectional view of the dispensing system shownin FIG. 1;

FIG. 12 is a top view of one embodiment of a component of the dispensingsystem shown in FIG. 1, in accordance with the principles of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 13 is side view of one embodiment of a component of the dispensingsystem shown in FIG. 1, in accordance with the principles of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 14 is a side, cross-sectional view of one embodiment of componentsof the dispensing system shown in FIG. 1, in accordance with theprinciples of the present disclosure;

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a component of the dispensing systemshown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 16 is a front, cross-sectional view of one embodiment of adispensing system in accordance with the principles of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 17 is a side, cross-sectional view of components of the dispensingsystem shown in FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is a front, cross-sectional view of a component of thedispensing system shown in FIG. 16;

FIG. 19 is a side, cross-sectional view of components of the dispensingsystem shown in FIG. 16;

FIG. 20 is a front, cross-sectional view of a component of thedispensing system shown in FIG. 16;

FIG. 21 is a front, cross-sectional view of components of the dispensingsystem shown in FIG. 16;

FIG. 22 is a front, cross-sectional view of one embodiment of adispensing system in accordance with the principles of the presentdisclosure.

Like reference numerals indicate similar parts throughout the figures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The exemplary embodiments of the dispensing system and related methodsof use disclosed are discussed in terms of medical devices, and moreparticularly to a dispensing system that stores and dispenses covers formedical devices. It is envisioned that the dispensing system may beemployed in a hospital setting or a medical practitioner's examinationroom or office. The dispensing system includes a housing configured tohold and dispense acoustically transmissive instrument covers. In someembodiments, the instrument covers are each configured to securely fitonto the head and/or diaphragm of a medical instrument, such as, forexample, a stethoscope such that the instrument cover forms an air-tightseal without any air bubbles or wrinkling of the instrument cover toprevent cross-contamination from patient to patient.

The present disclosure may be understood more readily by reference tothe following detailed description of the disclosure taken in connectionwith the accompanying drawing figures, which form a part of thisdisclosure. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limitedto the specific devices, methods, conditions or parameters describedand/or shown herein, and that the terminology used herein is for thepurpose of describing particular embodiments by way of example only andis not intended to be limiting of the claimed disclosure. Also, as usedin the specification and including the appended claims, the singularforms “a,” “an,” and “the” include the plural, and reference to aparticular numerical value includes at least that particular value,unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Ranges may be expressedherein as from “about” or “approximately” one particular value and/or to“about” or “approximately” another particular value. When such a rangeis expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular valueand/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values areexpressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it willbe understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. It isalso understood that all spatial references, such as, for example,horizontal, vertical, top, upper, lower, bottom, left and right, are forillustrative purposes only and can be varied within the scope of thedisclosure. For example, the references “upper” and “lower” are relativeand used only in the context to the other, and are not necessarily“superior” and “inferior”.

The following disclosure includes a description of a dispensing systemfor holding and dispensing instrument covers. The disclosure alsoincludes a description of related methods of employing the discloseddispensing system and a description of a kit that includes the discloseddispensing system. Alternate embodiments are also disclosed. Referencewill now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments of the presentdisclosure, which are illustrated in the accompanying figures. Turningnow to FIGS. 1-22, there are illustrated components of a dispensingsystem, such as, for example, a dispensing system 30 and embodiments inaccordance with the principles of the present disclosure.

The components of system 30 can be fabricated from biologicallyacceptable materials suitable for medical applications, depending on theparticular application and/or preference of a medical practitioner. Forexample, the components of system 30, individually or collectively, canbe fabricated from materials such as cellophane, vinyl, acetate,polyethylene acrylic, butyl rubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate, naturalrubber, a nitrile, silicone rubber, a styrene block copolymer, a vinylether, a tackifier, antimicrobial and/or antiseptic materials includingbut are not limited to: alcohols such as ethanol, 1-propanol and2-propanol/isopropanol or mixtures of these alcohols; sodiumbicarbonate; hydrogen peroxide; benzalkonium chloride; chlorohexidine;hexachlorophene; iodine compounds; and combinations thereof.Antimicrobial materials that can be used include but are not limited to:beta-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillin, cephalosporin); proteinsynthesis inhibitors (such as aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracycline,chloramphenicol, polypeptides); sulphonamides; cotrimoxazole;quinolones; anti-viral agents; anti-fungal agents; anti-cancer drugs;anti-malarial drugs; anti-tuberculosis drugs; anti-leprotic drugs;anti-protozoal drugs and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, thecomponents of system 30, individually or collectively, can be fabricatedfrom materials such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, lowdensity polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, polyisobutene,poly[ethylene-vinylacetate] copolymer, lightweight aluminum foil andcombinations thereof. In some embodiments, the components of system 30,individually or collectively, can be fabricated from materials such asstainless steel alloys, commercially pure titanium, titanium alloys,Grade 5 titanium, super-elastic titanium alloys, cobalt-chrome alloys,stainless steel alloys, superelastic metallic alloys (e.g., Nitinol,super elasto-plastic metals, such as GUM METAL® manufactured by ToyotaMaterial Incorporated of Japan), ceramics and composites thereof such ascalcium phosphate (e.g., SKELITE™ manufactured by Biologix Inc.),thermoplastics such as polyaryletherketone (PAEK) includingpolyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) andpolyetherketone (PEK), carbon-PEEK composites, PEEK-BaSO₄ polymericrubbers, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), fabric, silicone,polyurethane, silicone-polyurethane copolymers, polymeric rubbers,polyolefin rubbers, hydrogels, semi-rigid and rigid materials,elastomers, rubbers, thermoplastic elastomers, thermoset elastomers,elastomeric composites, rigid polymers including polyphenylene,polyamide, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyethylene, epoxy, partiallyresorbable materials, such as, for example, composites of metals andcalcium-based ceramics, composites of PEEK and calcium based ceramics,composites of PEEK with resorbable polymers, totally resorbablematerials, such as, for example, calcium based ceramics such as calciumphosphate, tri-calcium phosphate (TCP), hydroxyapatite (HA)-TCP, calciumsulfate, or other resorbable polymers such as polyaetide, polyglycolide,polytyrosine carbonate, polycaroplaetohe and their combinations. Variouscomponents of system 30 may have material composites, including theabove materials, to achieve various desired characteristics such asstrength, rigidity, elasticity, compliance, biomechanical performance,durability and radiolucency or imaging preference. It is envisioned thatthe components of system 30 may be comprise antimicrobial and/orantiseptic materials. The components of system 30, individually orcollectively, may also be fabricated from a heterogeneous material suchas a combination of two or more of the above-described materials. Thecomponents of system 30 may be monolithically formed or integrallyconnected.

System 30 includes a housing 32 comprising a side wall 34 and a sidewall 36 opposite wall 34. Wall 36 extends parallel to wall 34. Housing32 comprises a back wall 38, a front wall 42 that is spaced apart fromwall 38 and a front wall 40 positioned between wall 38 and wall 42.Housing 32 extends along a longitudinal axis X1 between wall 38 and wall42. In some embodiments, walls 38, 40, 42 extends parallel to oneanother. In some embodiments, walls 34, 36 each extend perpendicular toaxis X1. In some embodiments, walls 38, 40, 42 each extend perpendicularto walls 34, 36. Walls 38, 40, 42 each extend from wall 34 to wall 36.Housing 32 comprises an engaging wall 44 extending from wall 40 to wall42. Housing 32 comprises a bottom wall 46 extending from wall 34 to wall36 and from wall 38 to wall 42. Housing 32 comprises a top wall 48opposite wall 46. Wall 48 extends from wall 34 to wall 36 and from wall38 to wall 40. Walls 46, 48 each extend parallel to axis X1. In someembodiments, wall 44 extends at an acute angle relative to axis X1 toposition stethoscope covers for engagement with a portion of astethoscope, as discussed herein.

An inner surface 34 a of wall 34, an inner surface 36 a of wall 36, aninner surface 38 a of wall 38, an inner surface 40 a of wall 40, aninner surface 42 a of wall 42, an inner surface 44 a of wall 44, aninner surface 46 a of wall 46 and an inner surface 48 a of wall 48define a cavity 50. Housing 32 comprises a wedge 52 extending from wall44. Housing 32 comprises spaced apart extensions 54, 56 that each extendfrom wall 44 to a bottom surface 58 of wedge 52 to connect wedge 52 withhousing 32. A space between wedge 52 and wall 44 defines a first opening60. A space between wall 44 and wall 40 defines a second opening 62.Opening 60 is spaced apart from opening 62 by wedge 52. Openings 60, 62are in communication with cavity 50. Wedge 52 includes a top surface 64opposite surface 58. In some embodiments, surface 58 extends parallel toaxis X1 and surface 64 extends at an acute angle relative axis X1 andsurface 58. In some embodiments, surface 58 and/or surface 64 may bedisposed at alternate orientations, relative to axis X1, such as, forexample, parallel, transverse, perpendicular and/or other angularorientations such as acute or obtuse, co-axial and/or may be offset orstaggered.

In some embodiments, at least one of walls 34, 36, 48, 40, 42, 44, 46,48 and/or wedge 52 comprises an antimicrobial material, such as, forexample, a silver-based antimicrobial material, a copper-basedantimicrobial material, chlorhexidene gluconate, benzalkonium chloride,a monoquaternary and/or polyquaternary ammonium salt-based antimicrobialmaterial, a biguanide-based antimicrobial such as polyhexamethylenebiguanide, triclosan, zinc pyrithione, an isothiazolinone-basedantimicrobial, a 10,10′-oxybisphenoxarsine-based antimicrobial, apeptide-based antimicrobial, a natural antimicrobial such as hopsextract, honey, a chitosan-based antimicrobial, and combinationsthereof. In some embodiments, housing 32 is configured for mounting on avertical surface such as, for example, a wall of a room, or a horizontalsurface, such as, for example, a top surface of a desk or bench. In someembodiments, system 30 includes a bracket that is positioned on thevertical surface and/or the horizontal surface. In some embodiments,housing 32 is coupled the bracket and the bracket is positioned on thevertical surface and/or horizontal surface. In some embodiments, thebracket is mounted to the vertical surface and/or horizontal surface tofix the bracket to the vertical surface and/or horizontal surface. Insome embodiments, housing 32 is disposable and comprises a material,such as, for example, cardboard. In some embodiments, housing 32 isreusable and comprises a material, such as, for example, plastic and/ormetal.

A tubular roll 66 is positioned within cavity 50. A first end 68 of astrip 70 is wound about roll 66. A plurality of spaced apart covers 72are coupled to strip 70. In some embodiments, roll 66 is unsupportedwithin cavity 50 such strip 70 and/or covers 72 directly engage surface38 a and/or surface 46 a. In some embodiments, strip 70 comprises abacking paper including a first side 74 and an opposite second side 76.Side 74 is coated with a polymer 75, such as, for example, a polyolefin,as best shown in FIG. 14. In some embodiments, covers 72 are made from apolymer, such as, for example, a polyimide. Covers 72 each comprise afirst side 78 and an opposite second side 80. A copolymer 82, such as,for example, an acrylates copolymer is positioned between sides 78 ofcovers 72 and polymer 75 to couple covers 72 to strip 70, as best shownin FIG. 14. In some embodiments, side 76 is uncoated. In someembodiments, polymer 75 is selected from the group consisting ofpolyethylene, polypropylene, and combinations thereof. In someembodiments, polymer 75 is a thermoplastic polyolefin. In someembodiments, polymer 75 is an elastomeric polyolefin. In someembodiments, polymer 75 has a viscosity from 7,000 to less than 500,000mPa-sec at 190° Celsius. In some embodiments, polymer 75 is a polyimidefilm. In some embodiments, covers 72 each consist of the polyimide. Insome embodiments, the polyimide that covers 72 are made from is athermoset polyimide. In some embodiments, the polyimide that covers 72are made from is selected from the group consisting of Apical, Kapton,UPILEX, VTEC PI, Norton TH, Kaptrex and combinations thereof. In someembodiments, strip 70 and/or covers 72 are free of any glue or otheradhesives and covers 72 are coupled directly to strip 70 by staticelectricity. In such embodiments, sides 78 of covers 72 directly engageside 74 of strip 70.

In some embodiments, covers 72 are each made from a single planar layerof material, such as, for example one of the materials discussed, above,the single layer of material being defined by the distance from side 78to side 80. In some embodiments, covers 72 made from the single planarlayer of material are not coated. In some embodiments, strip 70 and/orcovers 72 are free of paper, paper fiber, wood pulp, bamboo, rice and/orcotton. In some embodiments, strip 70 and/or covers 72 comprises anon-absorbent material. In some embodiments, strip 70 and/or covers 72are free of any absorbent materials. In some embodiments, strip 70and/or covers 72 comprises a waterproof and/or water-resistant material.In some embodiments, strip 70 and/or covers 72 comprises a non-porousmaterial. In some embodiments, strip 70 and/or covers 72 comprises aporous material wherein pores of the porous material are uniformlydistributed. In some embodiments, the uniformly distributed pores havethe same size or diameter. In some embodiments, the uniformlydistributed pores are less than 0.5 microns. In some embodiments, theuniformly distributed pores are between 0.5 microns and 10 microns. Insome embodiments, the uniformly distributed pores are greater than 10microns. In some embodiments, covers 72 are transparent or translucentto allow a portion of an instrument, such as, for example, a head of astethoscope to be viewed through covers 72 to facilitate coupling ofcovers 72 to the head of the stethoscope. For example, it is envisionedthat covers 72 may be applied to the head of the stethoscope by hand bypositioning one of covers 72 adjacent to the head of the stethoscope.Because covers 72 are transparent or translucent, the head of thestethoscope can be viewed through cover 72 and cover 72 can be movedrelative to the head of the stethoscope to center cover 72 about thehead of the stethoscope, for example. In some embodiments, covers 72 area solid color and are free of any indicia to ensure that sound can passthrough covers 72 without being altered.

In some embodiments, covers 72 are configured to be applied to a portionof a stethoscope 94, such as, for example, a head 92 of stethoscope 94to prevent cross-contamination between stethoscope 94 and a patient,while still allowing stethoscope 94 to function properly. That is,covers 72 do not inhibit and/or reduce the ability of a physician ormedical provider to listen to internal sounds of an animal or human bodyusing stethoscope 94. In some embodiments, covers 72 are disposable.That is, covers 72 are each configured for one-time use with a singlepatient such that a physician or medical provider covers at least aportion of stethoscope 94 with a first cover 72. After examination iscomplete, the first cover 72 may be removed from stethoscope 94 anddiscarded. The physician or medical provider may cover at least aportion of the same stethoscope 94 with a second cover 72 beforeexamining a second patient. This configuration reduces and/or preventscontamination from the first patient to the second patient.

In some embodiments, covers 72 each extend along a longitudinal axis X2between a first end 84 and an opposite second end 86, as shown in FIG.12. Covers 72 each include opposite sidewalls 88, 90 that each extendparallel to axis X2. End 84 bows outwardly from sidewalls 88, 90 and isconvexly curved from sidewall 88 to sidewall 90. In some embodiments,end 84 has a uniform radius of curvature from sidewall 88 to sidewall90. End 84 has a size and shape configured to cover head 92 ofstethoscope 94 while end 86 is wrapped about at least a portion oftubing 96 of stethoscope 94. In some embodiments, strip 70 and/or covers72 are the same or similar to the strips and covers disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 9,986,965, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference,in its entirety.

In some embodiments, covers 72 each comprise a material that isacoustically transmissive and substantially impermeable tomicroorganisms and fluids. In some embodiments, covers 72 each comprisepolyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, low density polyethylene,linear low density polyethylene, polyisobutene,poly[ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer, lightweight aluminum foil andcombinations thereof. In some embodiments, covers 72 each comprise acrimpable material configured to form-fit around at least head 92 ofstethoscope 94. In some embodiments, the thickness of each cover 72 isin the range of from about 0.01 mm to about 0.8 mm. In some embodiments,covers 72 each have a thickness in the range of from about 0.1 mm toabout 0.4 mm. In some embodiments, dispensing system 30 includes one ora plurality of stethoscopes, such as, for example, stethoscopes 94.

In some embodiments, sides 78 of covers 72 are sprayed or coated with amaterial having non-stick properties and/or is glossy to prevent thematerial having adhesion and/or adherent properties and/or the sides 78of covers 72 from sticking to side 74 of strip 70. In some embodiments,the material having non-stick properties forms sides 78 of covers 72.That is, the material having non-stick properties is integrally formedwith sides 78 of covers 72 to provide sides 78 with non-stickproperties. In some embodiments, sides 78 of instrument 72 are coatedwith a powder to prevent the sides 78 from permanently sticking to side74 of strip 70. In some embodiments, sides 78 of covers 72 are sprayedor coated with an agent comprising wax to prevent sides 78 of covers 72from permanently sticking to side 74 of strip 70. In some embodiments,at least one of sides 78, 80 of covers 72 comprises an antimicrobialsubstance that can neutralize or destroy microbes. In some embodiments,at least side 74 of strip 70 and/or at least sides 78 of instrumentcovers 72 are made of a material that allows static electricity to formthat causes covers 72 to stick to side 74 of strip 70.

In some embodiments, sides 78 of covers 72 are free of any adhesivematerial and side 74 of strip 70 includes an adhesive that is sprayed orcoated on side 74 to allow covers 72 to adhere to side 74. In someembodiments, the adhesive is applied to strip 70 in a manner such thatthe adhesive forms a central stripe of adhesive material that extendsthe entire length of strip. In some embodiments, the sides 78 of covers72 are made of a material that allows static electricity to form thatcauses covers 72 to stick to side 74 of strip 70 and side 74 of strip 70includes adhesive that is sprayed or coated on side 74, thus providing adual means to removably adhere covers 72 to strip 70. In someembodiments, side 74 of strip 70 are free of any adhesive material.

In some embodiments, sides 78 of covers 72 are each made from and/orcoated with a material having adhesion and/or adherent properties toallow covers 72 to removably adhere to at least a portion of astethoscope, such as, for example, head 92 of stethoscope 94. In someembodiments, sides 78 of covers 72 are sprayed or coated with thematerial having adhesion and/or adherent properties. In someembodiments, the material having adhesion and/or adherent propertiesforms sides 78 of covers 72. That is, the material having adhesionand/or adherent properties is integrally formed with covers 72 toprovide sides 78 of covers 72 with adhesion and/or adherent properties.The material having adhesion and/or adherent properties may include oneor more of a cellophane, vinyl, acetate, polyethylene acrylic, butylrubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate, natural rubber, a nitrile, siliconerubber, a styrene block copolymer, a vinyl ether and a tackifier. Insome embodiments, the adhesive and/or adherent material further includesan antimicrobial and/or antiseptic material. Antiseptic materials thatcan be used include but are not limited to: alcohols such as ethanol,1-propanol and 2-propanol/isopropanol or mixtures of these alcohols;sodium bicarbonate; hydrogen peroxide; benzalkonium chloride;chlorohexidine; hexachlorophene; iodine compounds; and combinationsthereof. Antimicrobial materials that can be used include but are notlimited to: beta-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillin, cephalosporin);protein synthesis inhibitors (such as aminoglycosides, macrolides,tetracycline, chloramphenicol, polypeptides); sulphonamides;cotrimoxazole; quinolones; anti-viral agents; anti-fungal agents;anti-cancer drugs; anti-malarial drugs; anti-tuberculosis drugs;anti-leprotic drugs; anti-protozoal drugs; and combinations thereof. Insome embodiments, the antimicrobial material is at least partiallyremovable so that at least a portion of the antimicrobial material isleft behind as covers 72 are removed from a medical device orinstrument, such as, for example, a stethoscope. In some embodiments,the material having adhesion and/or adherent properties is sprayed orcoated with weak adhesive non-toxic glue, such as, for example, spiritgum, when additional adherency is desired. That is, the amount ofadherency may be adjusted by coating or spraying the material havingadhesion and/or adherent properties with the weak adhesive. Inembodiments in which the material having adhesion and/or adherentproperties is coated or sprayed onto 78 sides of covers 72, it isenvisioned that the material having adhesion and/or adherent propertiesmay be sprayed or coated with one or more layers of the weak adhesivebefore or after the material having adhesion and/or adherent propertiesis applied to sides 78 of covers 72, the one or more layers of the weakadhesive may be sprayed onto the material before the material is formedinto sides 78 of covers 72. In some embodiments, sides 78 of covers 72each comprise a material that accumulates static electricity to impartsides 78 of covers 72 with adhesion and/or adherent properties.

In some embodiments, covers 72 are spaced apart from one another alongstrip 70. That is, covers 72 do not contact one another. In someembodiments, covers 72 define an elongated band or segment, wherein onecover 72 is connected to another cover 72 by a zone of weakness, suchas, for example, a series of perforations. In some embodiments, theperforations extend through the sides 78, 80 of each cover 72. In someembodiments, the perforations have a substantially rectangular or squareconfiguration and are uniformly spaced apart from one another. In someembodiments, the perforations include a single perforation that extendsthe entire distance between opposite side surfaces of each of covers 72.In some embodiments, the perforations may be variously configured anddimensioned, such as, for example, oval, oblong, triangular, square,polygonal, irregular, uniform, non-uniform, offset, staggered,undulating, arcuate, variable and/or tapered, depending on therequirements of a particular application.

In some embodiments, instrument covers 72 are each sized so that theyeach cover the head of a standard stethoscope, such as, for example,head 92 of stethoscope 94. In some embodiments, covers 72 are each sizedto cover at least a portion of a diaphragm 98 of stethoscope 94, atleast a portion of head 92 and at least a portion of tubing 96 totransfer sound to ear pieces of stethoscope 94. In some embodiments,covers 72 are each sized to at least a portion of head 92 and at least aportion of tubing 96, without covering any portion of diaphragm 98 ofstethoscope 94. In some embodiments, covers 72 are each about 4 inchesby about 6 inches, 3 inches by about 5 inches, 2.5 inches by 4 inches,as well as any size in between. It is contemplated that various sizescan be available according to the type of medicine being practiced. Forexample, covers 72 for a pediatric stethoscope may be smaller in sizethan covers 72 for a stethoscope used for adults.

Housing 32 comprises an opening 100 extending through a thickness ofwall 34 and an opening 102 extending through a thickness of wall 36, asbest shown in FIG. 5. Opening 102 is aligned with opening 100 such thatopening 102 is coaxial with opening 100. An end 104 of a roller 106extends through opening 100 and an opposite end 108 of roller 106extends through opening 102, as best shown in FIG. 6. Openings 60, 62are positioned between roll 66 and roller 106. Roller 106 is rotatablerelative to housing 32 and includes a knob, such as, for example, agripping portion 110 coupled to end 104 and a knob, such as, forexample, a gripping portion 112 coupled to end 108. Gripping portions110, 112 are positioned outside of cavity 50 and are configured to bemanually gripped to rotate roller 106 relative to housing 32, asdiscussed herein. An intermediate portion 114 of strip 70 extendsthrough opening 60 and over surface 64 of wedge 52. A second end 116 ofstrip 70 extends through opening 62 such that a portion of end 116 iswound about roller 106. In some embodiments, roll 66 defines atransverse axis X2 and roller 106 defines a transverse axis X3 thatextends parallel to axis X2. In some embodiments, axes X2, X3 eachextend perpendicular to axis X1. In some embodiments, roller 106 ispositioned directly above roll 66 such that axis X2 is aligned with axisX3 along a vertical axis X4 that extends perpendicular to axes X1, X2,X3.

In one embodiment, shown in FIG. 6A, housing 32 includes a ratchetportion 126 positioned between gripping portion 112 and roller 106.Housing 32 comprises a part, such as, for example, a pawl 128 that isconfigured to engage ratchet portion 126 to permit roller 106 to rotaterelative to housing 32 about axis X3 in a first direction, such as, forexample, clockwise, and prevent roller 106 from rotating relative tohousing 32 about axis X3 in an opposite second direction, such as, forexample, counterclockwise. In some embodiments, ratchet portion 126comprises a plurality of teeth 130 that are configured to engage aprojection 132 of pawl 128. Ratchet portion 126 comprises gaps 134between adjacent teeth 130. In some embodiments, pawl 128 is deflectablerelative to housing 32 and/or wall 36 as roller 106 is rotated aboutaxis X3. In some embodiments, pawl 128 is deflectable relative tohousing 32 and/or wall 36 in a first direction A, shown in FIG. 6A, toallow projection 132 to incrementally move from one of gaps 134 toanother one of gaps 134 as roller 106 is rotated relative to housing 32and/or wall 36 about axis X3 in one direction, such as, for exampleclockwise. Projection 132 is biased relative to housing 32 in anopposite second direction B to prevent roller 106 from being rotatedrelative to housing 32 and/or wall 36 about axis X3 in anotherdirection, such as, for example, counterclockwise.

In some embodiments, teeth 130 are angled such that ratchet portion 126and pawl 128 define a ratchet that allows roller 106 to be incrementallyrotated relative to housing 32 and/or wall 36 about axis X3 in onedirection, such as, for example, direction C, yet prevents roller 106from being rotated relative to housing 32 and/or wall 36 about axis X3in another direction, such as, for example, direction D. In particular,as roller 106 is rotated relative to housing 32 and/or wall 36 aboutaxis X3 in direction C, projection 132 moves into one of gaps 134. Sincepawl 128 is biased in direction B and teeth 130 are angled in the mannershown in FIG. 6A, further rotation of roller 106 relative to housing 32and/or wall 36 about axis X3 in direction C is prevented. As roller 106is rotated relative to housing 32 and/or wall 36 about axis X3 indirection C a first amount, projection 132 moves out of one of gaps 134and slides along one of teeth 130. Further rotation of roller 106relative to housing 32 and/or wall 36 about axis X3 in direction Ccauses projection 132 to move into one of gaps 134, since pawl 128 isbiased relative to housing 32 in direction B. Roller 106 may be furtherrotated relative to housing 32 and/or wall 36 about axis X3 in directionC to move projection 132 such that projection 132 slides along teeth 130to move projection 132 in and out of gaps 134 to incrementally rotateroller 103 relative to housing 32 and/or wall 36 about axis X3. Thisconfiguration allows roller 106 to be selectively rotated relative tohousing 32 and/or wall 36 about axis X3 in direction C in any amountdesired by a physician or medical care provider, as described herein.

In some embodiments, directions A and B and the angle of teeth 130 maybe reversed such that the ratchet defined by ratchet portion 126 andpawl 128 allows roller 106 to rotate relative to housing 32 and/or wall36 about axis X3 in direction D and prevents roller 106 from rotatingrelative to housing 32 and/or wall 36 about axis X3 in direction C. Insome embodiments, projection 132 includes a plurality of projections132. In embodiments where projection 132 includes a plurality ofprojections 132, each of projections 132 are configured for slidingalong teeth 132 and disposal in one of gaps 134 in the manner discussedabove. Ratchet portion 126 and pawl 128 are shown in FIG. 6A as beingpositioned outside of cavity 50. However, it is envisioned that ratchetportion 126 and pawl 128 can also be positioned within cavity 50. It isenvisioned that housing 32 can include a ratchet portion that is thesame or similar to ratchet portion 126 between gripping portion 110 androller 106 in addition to or in place of ratchet portion 126 and housing32 can include a pawl that is the same or similar to pawl 128 coupled towall 34 for engagement with the ratchet portion between gripping portion110 and roller 106. It is envisioned that the ratchet portion betweengripping portion 110 and roller 106 and the pawl that engages theratchet portion between gripping portion 110 and roller 106 can bepositioned within cavity 50 or outside of cavity 50.

Roller 106 is rotatable relative to housing 32 to move covers 72 from afirst orientation in which side 80 of a respective one of covers 72faces and is spaced apart from an outer surface 118 of wall 44, as shownin FIGS. 7 and 8, to a second orientation in which side 80 of therespective one of covers 72 is spaced apart from strip 70 and directlyengages surface 118 of wall 44, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 11. That is,side 78 directly engages strip 70 when covers 72 are in the firstorientation and side 78 is spaced apart from strip 70 when covers 72 arein the second orientation. When covers 72 are in the second orientation,sides 78 face away from surface 118 for engagement with a portion of astethoscope, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, strip 70translates over a tip 120 of wedge 52 to move covers 72 from the firstorientation to the second orientation. That is, as a portion of strip 70extends through opening 60, side 74 of strip 70 directly engages tip 120and surface 64 of wedge 52. As the portion of strip 70 moves intoopening 62, one of covers 72 is released from strip 70 such that side 80of one of covers 72 directly engages surface 118 of wall 44 rather thanmoving into opening 62. In some embodiments, tip 120 applies a force tostrip 70 that is greater than the amount of force that adheres orcouples covers 72 to strip 70 such that covers 72 are released fromstrip 70 as strip 70 translates over tip 120 of wedge 52.

In the embodiments discussed above, roller 106 is rotated manuallyrelative to housing 32 to move covers 72 from the first orientation tothe second orientation. However, it is envisioned that system 30 caninclude a motor or actuator 122 that is coupled to roller 106 such thatactuator 122 is operable to rotate roller 106 relative to housing 32.One embodiment of actuator 122 is shown in FIG. 6. In anotherembodiment, shown in FIGS. 6B and 6C, actuator 122 is a stepper motorthat is positioned within a housing 136. Housing 136 is configured to bepositioned within cavity 50 and fixed or otherwise mounted to surface 34a or surface 36 a such that an output shaft 138 that extends fromactuator 122 is positioned within an aperture 140 of roller 106 suchthat actuator 122 rotates shaft 138 relative to housing 136 and shaft138 rotates roller 106 relative to housing 32. In some embodiments,shaft 138 and/or aperture 140 have a non-circular cross-sectionalconfiguration such that rotation of shaft 138 relative to housing 136also rotates roller 106 relative to housing 32. In some embodiments,system 30 includes an on/off switch. When the on/off switch is in theoff position, actuator 122 does not rotate roller 106 relative tohousing 32. When the on/off switch is in the on position, actuator 122rotates roller 106 relative to housing 32 to move covers 72 from thefirst orientation to the second orientation. In some embodiments, system30 includes a sensor 124 (FIG. 2) that is in communication with actuator122 and configured to send a signal to actuator 122 to cause actuator122 to rotate roller 106 relative to housing 32. In some embodiments,sensor 124 sends the signal to actuator 122 based on motion detected bysensor 124. For example, in some embodiments, sensor 124 sends thesignal to actuator 122 when sensor 124 detects a person approachinghousing 32. In some embodiments, sensor 124 sends the signal to actuator122 based on sound detected by sensor 124. For example, in someembodiments, sensor 124 sends the signal to actuator 122 when sensor 124detects a person's voice and/or a specific voice command. It isenvisioned that actuator 122 and/or sensor 124 can be positioned insideor outside of cavity 50.

In assembly, operation and use, a physician or medical provider canrotate roller 106 relative to housing 32 to move a first one of covers72 from the first orientation in which side 80 of a first one of covers72 faces and is spaced apart from outer surface 118 of wall 44, as shownin FIGS. 7 and 8, to the second orientation in which side 80 of thefirst one of covers 72 is spaced apart from strip 70 and directlyengages surface 118 of wall 44, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 11. That is, asthe first one of covers 72 moves from the first orientation to thesecond orientation, the first one of covers 72 is released from strip 70such that side 80 of the first one of covers 72 is spaced apart fromstrip 70 and directly engages surface 118 of wall 44.

A physician or medical provider can apply the first one of covers 72 toa stethoscope, such as, for example, stethoscope 94. In someembodiments, the first one of covers 72 is applied to stethoscope 94 bypositioning head 92 of stethoscope 94 such that head 92 directly engagesside 78 of the first one of covers 72. Accordingly, any adhesive thatwas in contact with side 78 to couple covers 72 to strip will beeffective to couple the first one of covers 72 to head 92. In someembodiments, a downward force is applied to head 92 to press head 92against the first one of covers 72 such that the first one of covers 72is positioned between head 92 and surface 118 of wall 44. Head 92 maythen be moved away from housing 32 such that the first one of covers 72moves with head 92. That is, the first one of covers 72 will adhere tohead 92 such that moving head 92 away from housing 32 removes the firstone of covers 72 from surface 118 of wall 44. In some embodiments,engaging head 92 with the first one of covers 72 allows the first one ofcovers 72 to adhere to head 92 to form a substantially air-tight sealwith head 92. In some embodiments, the first one of covers 72 is crimpedabout head 92. In some embodiments, end 84 of the first one of covers 72is folded or otherwise coupled to head 92 to cover at least a portion ofhead 92. In some embodiments, end 86 of the first one of covers 72 isfolded about tubing 96 of stethoscope 94 such that end 86 adheres totubing 96. In some embodiments, end 86 of the first one of covers 72 iscrimped and/or folded about tubing 96. The physician or medical providermay then examine a first patient using stethoscope 94.

Prior to examining a second patient, the physician or medical providermay remove the first one of covers 72 from stethoscope 94 to prevent anycross-contamination from the first patient from contaminating the secondpatient. The first one of covers 72 may be discarded. Once the first oneof covers 72 is removed from stethoscope 94, the physician or medicalprovider can rotate roller 106 relative to housing 32 to move a secondone of covers 72 from the first orientation in which side 80 of a secondone of covers 72 faces and is spaced apart from outer surface 118 ofwall 44, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, to the second orientation in whichside 80 of the first second of covers 72 is spaced apart from strip 70and directly engages surface 118 of wall 44, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 11.That is, as the second one of covers 72 moves from the first orientationto the second orientation, the second one of covers 72 is released fromstrip 70 such that side 80 of the second one of covers 72 is spacedapart from strip 70 and directly engages surface 118 of wall 44. Thephysician or medical provider can apply the second one of covers 72 to astethoscope, such as, for example, stethoscope 94, as discussed herein.The physician or medical provider may then examine a second patientusing stethoscope 94. The second one of covers 72 may be discarded afterthe physician or medical provider examines the second patient. The stepsdiscussed above may be repeated for each patient the physician ormedical provider examines to prevent cross-contamination betweenpatients.

In some embodiments, housing 32 is constructed of a single piece ofmaterial. In some embodiments, housing 32 is constructed of a singlepiece of material, such as, for example, cardboard. The single piece ofmaterial includes folds that allow the single piece of material to befolded to form housing 32. In some embodiments, the single piece ofmaterial is a flat piece of material. In some embodiments, the singlepiece of material includes tabs that allow housing 32 to remain in thefolded configuration. In some embodiments, the tabs are positioned inapertures in housing 32 to allow housing 32 to remain in the foldedconfiguration.

In the embodiments discussed above, housing 32 is configured to bedirectly mounted or placed on top of a surface, such as, for example, atable or directly mounted on a wall of a room, such as, for example, adoctor's office or operating room. However, it is envisioned thathousing 32 can be coupled to a holder or container, such as, forexample, a case 142, as shown in FIGS. 16-22. This allows case 142 to bepermanently mounted to a surface such that housing 32 can be removedfrom case 142 after housing 32 has dispensed all of covers 72 withinhousing 32 and replaced with a second housing 32 that includes one ormore covers 72 therein. It is envisioned that case 142 can include ameans to rotate roller 106 about axis X3 to dispense covers 72 fromhousing 32 in the manner discussed herein. As such, roller 106 isdisposed entirely within cavity 50 and does not extend through wall 34or wall 36, as discussed herein. In some embodiments, wall 34 is free ofany openings, such as, for example, opening 100 and wall 36 is free ofany openings, such as, for example, opening 102.

Case 102 includes a top wall 144 and a bottom wall 146 opposite wall144. A side wall 148 and a side wall 150 opposite wall 148 each extendfrom wall 144 to wall 146. Case 102 includes a back wall 152 extendingfrom wall 144 to wall 146 and from wall 148 to wall 150. Inner surfacesof walls 144, 146, 148, 150, 152 define a cavity 154 configured fordisposal of housing 32. A space between front edges of walls 144, 146and between front edges of 148, 150 define an opening 156 that is incommunication with cavity 154 such that a portion of housing 32 extendsthrough opening 156 when housing 32 is positioned in cavity 154. Forexample, in some embodiments, cavity 154 has a depth such that wall 42,wall 44 and wedge 52 extend through opening 156 and are positionedoutside of cavity 154 to allow a user to contact a cover 72 on wall 44that has been dispensed from housing 32, as discussed herein.

In some embodiments, case 142 includes a motor or actuator, such as, forexample, an actuator 158 that is configured to be coupled to roller 106to rotate roller 106 relative to housing 32 about axis X3. In someembodiments, actuator 158 is a motor, such as, for example, a steppermotor that is positioned within a housing 160 that is positionedpermanently fixed to wall 148 or wall 150. An output shaft 162 extendsfrom actuator 158. Shaft 162 extends through an opening 164 in wall 34and is coupled to roller 106. In particular, shaft 162 extends throughopening 164 and into aperture 140 of roller 106. Actuator 158 isconfigured to rotate shaft 162 relative to housing 160 to rotate roller106 relative to housing 32, as discussed herein. In some embodiments,shaft 162 and aperture 140 each have a non-circular cross-sectionalconfiguration, as shown in FIG. 19, such that rotation of shaft 162 alsorotates roller 106 when shaft 162 is positioned in aperture 140. In someembodiments, shaft 162 and aperture 140 may have various cross sectionconfigurations, such as, for example, oval, oblong, triangular,rectangular, square, polygonal, irregular, uniform, non-uniform,variable and/or tapered.

In some embodiments, system 30 includes an on/off switch. When theon/off switch is in the off position, actuator 158 does not rotateroller 106 relative to housing 32. When the on/off switch is in the onposition, actuator 158 rotates roller 106 relative to housing 32 to movecovers 72 from the first orientation to the second orientation. In someembodiments, system 30 includes a sensor, such as, for example, sensor124 that is in communication with actuator 158 and configured to send asignal to actuator 158 to cause actuator 158 to rotate roller 106relative to housing 32. In some embodiments, sensor 124 is coupled tocase 142, as shown in FIG. 17, for example. In some embodiments, sensor124 sends the signal to actuator 158 based on motion detected by sensor124. For example, in some embodiments, sensor 124 sends the signal toactuator 158 when sensor 124 detects a person approaching housing 32 orcase 142. In some embodiments, sensor 124 sends the signal to actuator122 based on sound detected by sensor 124. For example, in someembodiments, sensor 124 sends the signal to actuator 158 when sensor 124detects a person's voice and/or a specific voice command. It isenvisioned that sensor 124 can be positioned inside or outside of cavity154.

In some embodiments, case 142 is movable between an open configuration,shown in FIG. 20, and a closed configuration, shown in FIG. 18. Housing32 is inserted into cavity 154 when case 142 is in the openconfiguration, as shown in FIG. 21. Case 142 is then moved from the openconfiguration to the closed configuration with housing 32 positionedwithin cavity 154 to secure housing 32 within cavity 154, as shown inFIG. 16. In some embodiments, wall 150 is pivotable relative to wall 146about a hinge 166 to move case 142 between the open and closedconfigurations. When case 142 is in the closed configuration, wall 150directly engages wall 144. When case 142 is in the open configuration,wall 150 is spaced apart from wall 144 to create an opening 168 betweenwall 150 and wall 144. Housing 32 is inserted through opening 168 andinto cavity 154 when case 142 is in the open configuration. Case 154 isthen moved from the open configuration to the closed configuration toclose opening 168 and secure housing 32 within cavity 154. In someembodiments, case 142 can be provisionally retained in the closedconfiguration via a fastener 176 that prevents wall 150 from beinguncoupled from wall 144 without applying a force greater than a forceapplied by fastener 176 to join wall 150 with wall 144. In someembodiments, wall 150 may be secured to wall 144 via threads, mutualgrooves, screws, adhesive, nails, barbs, raised elements, spikes, clips,snaps, friction fittings, compressive fittings, expanding rivets,staples, fixation plates, key/keyslot, tongue in groove, a dovetail, amagnetic connection and/or posts to provisionally retain case 142 in theclosed configuration. In one embodiment, an end 150 a of wall 150includes a magnet 178 that is configured to engage a magnet 180 on anend 144 a of wall 144 to provisionally retain case 142 in the closedconfiguration.

In assembly, operation and use, housing 32 is inserted through opening168 and into cavity 154 when case 142 is in the open configuration. Case154 is then moved from the open configuration to the closedconfiguration to close opening 168 and secure housing 32 within cavity154. Actuator 158 moves from an off position to an on position inresponse to a signal received from sensor 124 such that shaft 162rotates roller 106 relative to housing 32 to move a first one of covers72 from the first orientation in which side 80 of a first one of covers72 faces and is spaced apart from outer surface 118 of wall 44, as shownin FIGS. 7 and 8, to the second orientation in which side 80 of thefirst one of covers 72 is spaced apart from strip 70 and directlyengages surface 118 of wall 44, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 11. That is, asthe first one of covers 72 moves from the first orientation to thesecond orientation, the first one of covers 72 is released from strip 70such that side 80 of the first one of covers 72 is spaced apart fromstrip 70 and directly engages surface 118 of wall 44.

A physician or medical provider can apply the first one of covers 72 toa stethoscope, such as, for example, stethoscope 94. Prior to examininga second patient, the physician or medical provider may remove the firstone of covers 72 from stethoscope 94 to prevent any cross-contaminationfrom the first patient from contaminating the second patient. The firstone of covers 72 may be discarded. Once the first one of covers 72 isremoved from stethoscope 94, the physician or medical provider canprovide a stimulus, such as, for example a motion or sound that causessensor 124 to send a signal to actuator 158 such that actuator 158causes shaft 162 to rotate roller 106 relative to housing 32 to move asecond one of covers 72 from the first orientation in which side 80 of asecond one of covers 72 faces and is spaced apart from outer surface 118of wall 44, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, to the second orientation inwhich side 80 of the first second of covers 72 is spaced apart fromstrip 70 and directly engages surface 118 of wall 44, as shown in FIGS.1 and 11. That is, as the second one of covers 72 moves from the firstorientation to the second orientation, the second one of covers 72 isreleased from strip 70 such that side 80 of the second one of covers 72is spaced apart from strip 70 and directly engages surface 118 of wall44. The physician or medical provider can apply the second one of covers72 to a stethoscope, such as, for example, stethoscope 94, as discussedherein. The physician or medical provider may then examine a secondpatient using stethoscope 94. The second one of covers 72 may bediscarded after the physician or medical provider examines the secondpatient. The steps discussed above may be repeated for each patient thephysician or medical provider examines to prevent cross-contaminationbetween patients.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 16-21, case 142 is configured torotate roller 106 automatically via actuator 158, as discussed herein.In one embodiment, shown in FIG. 22, case 142 does not include actuator158, housing 160, or shaft 162. Rather, case 142 includes a knob 170having a shaft 172 that extends through an opening 174 in wall 148.Shaft 172 is configured for disposal in aperture 140 of roller 106 suchthat rotation of knob 170 relative to wall 148 and housing 32 alsorotates roller 106 relative to housing 32 to move a first one of covers72 from the first orientation in which side 80 of a first one of covers72 faces and is spaced apart from outer surface 118 of wall 44, as shownin FIGS. 7 and 8, to the second orientation in which side 80 of thefirst one of covers 72 is spaced apart from strip 70 and directlyengages surface 118 of wall 44, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 11. In someembodiments, shaft 172 and aperture 140 have non-circular cross sectionconfigurations. In some embodiments, shaft 172 and aperture 140 may havevarious cross section configurations, such as, for example, oval,oblong, triangular, rectangular, square, polygonal, irregular, uniform,non-uniform, variable and/or tapered.

It will be understood that various modifications may be made to theembodiments disclosed herein. Therefore, the above description shouldnot be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplification of thevarious embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision othermodifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.The embodiments above can also be modified so that some features of oneembodiment are used with the features of another embodiment. One skilledin the art may find variations of these embodiments, which,nevertheless, fall within the spirit of the present disclosure, whosescope is defined by the claims set forth below.

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A dispenser comprising: a housing defining acavity, the housing comprising a block positioned between a first walland a second wall, a space between the block and the second walldefining a first opening, a space between the second wall and the firstwall defining a second opening, the openings being in communication withthe cavity; a roll positioned within the cavity, a first end of a stripbeing wound about the roll, a plurality of spaced apart covers beingcoupled to the strip; and a roller rotatably coupled to the housing, anintermediate portion of the strip extending through the first openingand over an outer surface of the block, a second end of the stripextending through the second opening such that a portion of the secondend is wound about the roller.
 22. A dispensing system as recited inclaim 21, wherein the block is wedge-shaped.
 23. A dispensing system asrecited in claim 21, wherein the block includes an inner surfaceopposite the outer surface, a first section of the intermediate portionbeing positioned between the inner surface and the second wall, a secondsection of the intermediate portion being positioned over the outersurface.
 24. A dispensing system as recited in claim 21, wherein thecovers each comprise a first side and an opposite second side, the firstsides directly engaging the strip, the covers being movable from a firstorientation in which the second side of a respective one of the coversfaces and is spaced apart from an outer surface of the second wall to asecond orientation in which the second side of the respective one of thecovers is spaced apart from the strip and directly engages the outersurface of the second wall.
 25. A dispensing system as recited in claim24, wherein the strip translates over a tip of the block to move thecovers from the first orientation to the second orientation.
 26. Adispensing system as recited in claim 24, wherein the covers movebetween the first and second orientations by rotating the rollerrelative to the housing.
 27. A dispensing system as recited in claim 21,wherein the roller includes a first end extending through a first sidewall of the housing and a second end extending through an oppositesecond side wall of the housing.
 28. A dispensing system as recited inclaim 25, wherein the first and second walls each extend from the firstside wall to the second side wall.
 29. A dispensing system as recited inclaim 21, wherein the housing comprises a bottom wall, the roll beingunsupported within the cavity such that a surface of the strip directlyengages the bottom wall.
 30. A dispensing system as recited in claim 21,wherein the roller is positioned directly above the roll.
 31. Adispensing system as recited in claim 21, wherein the openings arepositioned between the roll and the roller.
 32. A dispensing system asrecited in claim 21, wherein the strip and the covers are free of anyadhesive, the covers being coupled to the strip only by staticelectricity.
 33. A dispensing system as recited in claim 21, wherein thestrip comprises a backing paper including a first side and a secondside, the first side of the backing paper being coated with apolyolefin.
 34. A dispensing system as recited in claim 21, wherein thethe covers are made from a polyimide.
 35. A dispensing system as recitedin claim 21, wherein the covers are adhered to the strip by an acrylatescopolymer.
 36. A dispenser comprising: a housing defining a cavity, thehousing comprising a block positioned between a first wall and a secondwall, a space between the block and the second wall defining a firstopening, a space between the second wall and the first wall defining asecond opening, the openings being in communication with the cavity; aroll positioned within the cavity, a first end of a strip being woundabout the roll, a plurality of spaced apart covers being coupled to thestrip; a roller rotatably coupled to the housing, an intermediateportion of the strip extending through the first opening and over anouter surface of the block, a second end of the strip extending throughthe second opening such that a portion of the second end is wound aboutthe roller; an actuator configured to rotate the roller relative to thehousing; and a sensor in communication with the actuator, the sensorbeing configured to send a signal to the actuator to cause the actuatorto rotate the roller relative to the housing.
 37. A dispensing system asrecited in claim 36, wherein the sensor is configured to send the signalto the actuator in response to an audio command detected by the sensor.38. A dispensing system as recited in claim 36, wherein the sensor isconfigured to send the signal to the actuator in response to a visualcommand detected by the sensor.
 39. A dispensing system as recited inclaim 36, wherein the actuator is a stepper motor and is positioned inthe cavity.
 40. A dispenser comprising: a housing defining a cavity, thehousing comprising a block positioned between a first wall and a secondwall, a space between the block and the second wall defining a firstopening, a space between the second wall and the first wall defining asecond opening, the openings being in communication with the cavity; aroll positioned within the cavity, a first end of a strip being woundabout the roll, a plurality of spaced apart covers being coupled to thestrip; a roller rotatably coupled to the housing, an intermediateportion of the strip extending through the first opening and over anouter surface of the block, a second end of the strip extending throughthe second opening such that a portion of the second end is wound aboutthe roller; a stepper motor positioned in the cavity and configured torotate the roller relative to the housing; and a sensor in communicationwith the stepper motor, the sensor being configured detect motion and tosend a signal to the stepper motor upon detection of motion by thesensor to cause the stepper motor to rotate the roller relative to thehousing.